Hyperbaric chamber and open fractures: speeding up recovery and preventing complications

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: fundamentals and mechanisms of action

HBOT consists of inhaling pure oxygen at 100% in an environment where atmospheric pressure is increased to two to three times normal. This procedure is performed within a hyperbaric chamber specially designed for this purpose. Under these conditions, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood plasma increases significantly, facilitating its diffusion even in areas with compromised circulation.

The main mechanisms of action of HBO in the context of open fractures include:

• Improved tissue oxygenationBy raising plasma oxygen levels, an adequate supply to damaged tissues is ensured, promoting the cellular activity necessary for repair.
• Reduction of edema: Exposure to high concentrations of oxygen induces vasoconstriction in the arteriolar capillaries, which decreases the accumulation of fluids in injured tissues, relieving pressure and improving perfusion.
• Antimicrobial effect: Oxygen-rich environments inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria and enhance the effectiveness of the body's defense mechanisms, reducing the risk of infections.
• Stimulation of angiogenesis: HBO promotes the formation of new blood vessels, improving vascularization in injured areas and facilitating tissue regeneration.

The application of HBO in the management of open fractures offers multiple advantages:

• Acceleration of healing: By optimizing oxygenation and reducing edema, an environment conducive to tissue repair is created, reducing the time required for healing.
• Infection prevention:The antimicrobial capacity of HBO is especially valuable in open fractures, where the risk of infection is high.
• Improved bone consolidation: Studies have shown that HBO promotes the formation of bone callus, which is essential for the proper union of fractured fragments.
• Reduction of pain and inflammation: Decreased edema and improved perfusion help relieve pain and inflammation associated with fractures.

Several studies support the use of HBO in the treatment of open fractures. Studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygenation promotes the healing process, preventing delays in consolidation and reducing the risk of infections.

Furthermore, scientific reviews indicate that, although further clinical trials are required to establish definitive conclusions, HBO shows potential in improving fracture healing and treating poor consolidations.

HBOT implementation should be supervised by professionals specializing in hyperbaric medicine. The typical protocol includes daily sessions of approximately 60 to 90 minutes, during which the patient inhales pure oxygen in the hyperbaric chamber. The total duration of treatment varies depending on the severity of the fracture and the individual response of the patient.

Although HBOT is generally safe, there are contraindications that should be considered. The only absolute contraindication is untreated pneumothorax. Other conditions, such as uncontrolled epilepsy, upper respiratory infections, or certain chemotherapy treatments, may require additional precautions. A thorough medical evaluation is essential before starting treatment.

Its multiple benefits, including improved tissue oxygenation, reduced edema, infection prevention, and stimulation of bone regeneration, make it a valuable option to optimize patient recovery. Dr. María Dolores Antón's regenerative medicine clinic specializes in the application of this therapy, offering personalized protocols that seek to improve the clinical results and quality of life of her patients.