Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw is a severe complication that may arise after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer.
It is characterized by necrosis of the mandibular bone, which may be exposed through the oral mucosa or facial skin, without showing improvement with conservative treatments for a prolonged period.
Mechanisms of action of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the osteoradionecrosis
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) consists of the administration of oxygen at 100% in an environment with a pressure above atmospheric pressure. This treatment increases the amount of dissolved oxygen in the plasma, which facilitates its diffusion in hypoxic tissues and promotes several therapeutic effects:
- Angiogenesis: Stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, improving perfusion in affected areas.
- Osteogenesis: Promotes the activity of osteoblasts, cells responsible for bone formation, contributing to the regeneration of damaged bone.
- Antimicrobial effect: The hyperbaric environment inhibits the growth of anaerobic bacteria and enhances the function of leukocytes in the elimination of pathogens.
Clinical evidence and treatment protocols
Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of OHTB in the prevention and treatment of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw. A retrospective observational study evaluated the effectiveness of OHTB in preventing osteoradionecrosis in irradiated head and neck cancer patients, showing a success rate of 98% in preventing severe complications and a low incidence of side effects.
The commonly used protocol includes daily sessions of OHTB, with the duration and number of sessions varying depending on the severity of the condition and the patient's response to treatment. It is essential that OHTB be started as soon as possible after diagnosis or as a preventative measure before surgical procedures in irradiated areas.
Recommendations
OHTB is generally well tolerated, but a thorough medical evaluation is essential. In addition, OHTB should be integrated into a multidisciplinary approach that includes dental care, pain management and, if necessary, surgical interventions.
At Dr. María Dolores Antón's regenerative medicine clinic, which specializes in hyperbaric medicine, personalized protocols are offered for the management of mandibular osteoradionecrosis, with the aim of improving the quality of life of patients and promoting optimal recovery.
English (UK) 
Español 
Русский 
Français 
简体中文 
العربية