Infection by anaerobic or mixed bacteria and hyperbaric chamber

These bacteria can cause serious infections, such as gas gangrene and other necrotizing soft tissue infections. Mixed infections, involving both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, can also be particularly severe and difficult to treat.

OHTB consists of the inhalation of pure oxygen at 100% in an environment where atmospheric pressure is increased to two to three times normal. This procedure is performed within a hyperbaric chamber specially designed for this purpose. Under these conditions, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood plasma increases significantly, facilitating its diffusion even in areas with compromised circulation.

The main mechanisms of action of OHTB in the context of infections by anaerobic and mixed bacteria include:

• Direct bactericidal effect: The oxygen-rich environment inhibits the growth of anaerobic bacteria and hinders the production of exotoxins and clostridial spores.
• Boosting the immune response: OHTB improves leukocyte function, accelerating phagocytosis and facilitating the destruction of bacteria.
• Reduction of edema and inflammation: Exposure to high concentrations of oxygen induces vasoconstriction in arteriolar capillaries, which decreases fluid accumulation in injured tissues, relieving pressure and improving perfusion.
• Stimulation of healing and tissue regeneration: OHTB promotes the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and the proliferation of fibroblasts, essential for the repair of damaged tissues.

The application of OHTB in the management of these infections offers multiple advantages:

• Infection controlBy inhibiting bacterial growth and enhancing the immune response, OHTB helps control the spread of infection.
• Preventing complications: Reduction of edema and improvement in tissue perfusion decrease the risk of complications associated with infection, such as tissue necrosis.
• Decreased need for amputations: In cases of severe infections, such as gas gangrene, OHTB has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality and minimize the number of amputations required.

Several investigations support the use of OHTB in the treatment of infections caused by anaerobic and mixed bacteria. A study published in the Virtual Journal of Hyperbaric Medicine presented six cases of sepsis due to anaerobic germs in pediatrics treated with OHTB and antibiotics, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and rapid implementation of therapy to improve clinical outcomes.

The implementation of OHTB should be supervised by professionals specialized in hyperbaric medicine. The typical protocol includes daily sessions of approximately 60 to 90 minutes, during which the patient inhales pure oxygen in the hyperbaric chamber. The total duration of treatment varies depending on the severity of the infection and the individual response of the patient.

Although OHTB is generally safe, there are contraindications that should be considered. The only absolute contraindication is untreated pneumothorax. Other conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, upper respiratory infections, or certain chemotherapy treatments, may require additional precautions. A thorough medical evaluation is essential before starting treatment.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy represents a valuable therapeutic tool in the management of infections caused by anaerobic and mixed bacteria. Its multiple benefits, including the inhibition of bacterial growth, the enhancement of the immune response, the reduction of edema and the stimulation of tissue regeneration, make it an effective option to optimize patient recovery.

Infection by anaerobic or mixed bacteria and hyperbaric chamber – Dr. María Dolores Antón’s regenerative medicine clinic specializes in the application of this therapy, offering personalized protocols that seek to improve the clinical results and quality of life of her patients.